功能及意義
1. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，但沒有具體的過去時(shí)間修飾。
常由下列副詞修飾：
ever曾經(jīng)
never從不
already已經(jīng)
yet還(未)(yet只用在否定句和疑問句中)
just剛剛
recently最近
lately近來
so far 迄今為止= until now, up to now，
before 以前
例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你曾經(jīng)去過長(zhǎng)城嗎?
I have never heard of such a man.
我從沒有聽說過那個(gè)人。
We have just had lunch.
我們剛剛吃過午飯。
I have already returned your money.
我已經(jīng)把錢還給你了。
I haven't found my book yet.(否)
我還沒有找到筆記本。
Have you done your homework yet?
(疑)你做作業(yè)了嗎?
Have you heard from him recently ?
你最近收到他的來信了嗎?
So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.
迄今為止，還沒有人犯錯(cuò)誤。
I have never traveled by plane before.
我以前從來沒有乘飛機(jī)旅行過。
2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或者仍在繼續(xù)。常常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用：
→for +一段時(shí)間
I have learned English for 8 years.
→since +過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)
I have learned English since 2001.
→since +一段時(shí)間+ ago
I have learned English since 8 years ago.
→since + 時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句
I have learned English since I was 5 years old.
→ in the past/last +時(shí)間段
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
近十年來我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
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