來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-08-22 16:28:17
1. 由時間狀語來判定:一般說來,各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。
如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。
如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。
如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“過去的過去”來判定:過去完成時表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作,即動作有先后關(guān)系,動作在前的用過去完成時,在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
( 1 )賓語從句中
當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時,且從句的動作先于主句的動作時,從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )狀語從句中
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動作在前的,要用過去完成時,動作在后的要用一般過去時。如:
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意: before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時。如:
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
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