2023年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)

1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

( 1 ) by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

( 2 ) by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：

( 1 )賓語(yǔ)從句中

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

She said that she had seen the film before.

( 2 )狀語(yǔ)從句中

在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

( 3 )表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

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