分析歷年中考閱讀理解，綜合考點(diǎn)題型多為以下幾種：
（一）、直接理解性題目-
這種題目比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。這類題的解題要點(diǎn)是，找到問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)所劃的關(guān)鍵詞到原文中找出對(duì)應(yīng)詞，指出文章中與題中所劃關(guān)鍵詞的意思相反或相近對(duì)應(yīng)詞。
Example:原文最后一段：
A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin. Yet it has 256,000 teeth. The teeth are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hand paper box, it will eat its way out!And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
最后一小題：
Which of the following is wrong?
A.In winter the snail doesn’t eat or move.
B.A snail doesn’t living under the sun.
C.The snail’s teeth can’t be worn out.
D.The snail’s nose helps to find food.
解析
從最后一句劃線句子可直接看出，顯然C項(xiàng)的說話是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題目的正確答案項(xiàng)。
（二）、語義理解性題目-
考查孩子們根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞含義或句義的能力。題目要求對(duì)文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋。解答這類題目時(shí)需要對(duì)有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確答案。做此類題時(shí)，我們可以根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理，也可依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做出判斷。
Example 1:
文章的最后一段：
Themost important job of the keepers is to look after the safety of the visitors. People must be prevented from doing dangerous things. Many people have beeninjuredbecause they did careless things, like putting their hands into the lion’s cage.
The underline word “injured” in the last paragraph means “”.
A.hurtB. beatenC. killedD. caught
解析
由于做了粗心的事，很多人受到了傷害。故答案應(yīng)為A。
Example 2:
文章段落： Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep. 2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _____. A.to make with a pencil B.to push C. to pull D. to move away
解析：
很多孩子看到“draw”時(shí)，腦中第一時(shí)間會(huì)出現(xiàn)“畫畫”的字面意思，如果不多點(diǎn)細(xì)心，就會(huì)選擇A，但閱讀理解要忠于原文意思，因此正確答案應(yīng)該是C。
(三)、邏輯推理性題目-也稱為“細(xì)節(jié)題”，考查孩子們對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解和對(duì)應(yīng)有生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理的能力。這種題目有一定難度，一般都是深層意義的題目，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，他們沒有明示，大多數(shù)屬于模糊性的，甚至是模棱兩可。而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解，才能找到答案。
Example：
文章段落：
Oneday we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.
One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to .
A.have breakfast
B.have lunch
C.have supper
D.have a party
解析：
由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner”得知是要宴請(qǐng)客人吃飯。再?gòu)?ldquo;When it was about six o’clock“得知是吃晚餐，故答案選C
(四)、歸納概括性題目- 也稱為主旨大意題，通常出現(xiàn)在文章最后一題，一般初中閱讀理解必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩題，難度較大，且具有迷惑性，通常孩子們?cè)诖祟}上失分較嚴(yán)重。因?yàn)樗笤陂喿x和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章作出歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。主旨題所提問題主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容、標(biāo)題、作者的態(tài)度、目的、文章的語氣等。
【設(shè)問形式】
1. 主要內(nèi)容型：
What’s the passage mainly about?
What is the main idea of this passage?
2. 主題型：
What’s the topic of the article?
Which subject is discussed in the passage?
3. 最佳標(biāo)題型：
What’s the best title for this passage?
4. 寫作目的型：
The purpose of this passage is to ______________.
如何獲取段落的主旨和大意？
The article has been written to explain ________________.
做主旨大意題時(shí)，不管是哪一種題型，關(guān)鍵的一步是要找出主題句或和主題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，從而把握文章的主旨。在議論文或說明文中，
文章的主題通常出現(xiàn)在首段或末段。
如果提問方式為： Which is the best title of the passage? Thispassage mainly talks about_______.
通常來說，我們就要特別關(guān)注篇首和篇未。在這兩段間尋找主題句。
Example 1：
The writer really wants us to.
A.praise the clever mother
B.correct our mistake
C.learn to control ourselves
D.know hammering nails is useful
文章的第一段是這樣的：
Itis very important to be able to control yourself. Losing control may bring things that you would never want to see. We can learn something from the following story.
解析：
讀完短文后就可看出文章的第一句就是主題句。這個(gè)句子概括了本文的中心意思：學(xué)會(huì)控制自己是很重要的。然后通過一個(gè)故事進(jìn)一步說明學(xué)會(huì)控制自己的重要性。由主題句可以看出答案應(yīng)為C。
Example 2:
What can be the best title for the text?
A Mother’s Love
B. A Brave Act
C. A Deadly River
D. A Matter of Life and Death
文章最后一段：
WhileI was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother’s love.
(五)、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)把握題-在閱讀理解題中，又有相當(dāng)一部分屬于事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)題。 考查孩子們把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。做細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題我們甚至不需要通讀全文，只需要先通讀題目，然后帶著問題到文章里面尋找答案就可以了。注意當(dāng)看到對(duì)應(yīng)問題的關(guān)鍵字出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一定要及時(shí)用筆畫下來。大部分選項(xiàng)中的正確答案會(huì)是文章中的原句，我們可以一目了然的迅速選擇出來。也有一些選項(xiàng)與文章原句表述方法并不完全一致，但意思是完全相同的，比如換個(gè)近義詞或者做個(gè)同義句轉(zhuǎn)化之類的，這就需要仔細(xì)鑒別選項(xiàng)中答案的意思是否符合原文 。
主要提問方式是：
1)Which of the following is right?
2)Which of the following is not mentioned?
3)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
4)Choose the right order of this passage.
5)From this passage we know ________.
Example 1:
When you cough or sneeze, you should____?
A. touch everything
B.cover your mouth
C. point out to the kids
D. pass the germs to others
文章第一段很明確的說明了這一問題。
Whenyou cough or sneeze, you'd better turn your head away from others andcover your mouth with the full part of your hand.
顯然易見，從文中就可以直接找出信息“當(dāng)我們咳嗽或者打噴嚏，我們要遮住嘴巴“，故答案選B。
Example 2:
The aim of students who came to school is to study. But to study requires a right way，or you waste either the time or the money.The following are the ways of studying.
The best time for reading is morning，because in the morning，the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason，we can get good result.
1. The passage tells us ______.
A. the importance of reading
B. to read in the morning
C. to pay attention to the ways of studying
D. to have patience in studying
2. We'd better read in the morning because ______.
A. it's easy to remember what we have learned
B. the air is fresh and the mind is clear
C. it's difficult to get good results
D. both A and B.
解析：
文章第一段劃線部分直接引出了整篇文章的中心思想，因此第1題顯然是選C。而第二題答案更是明顯，直接原文可以找到，故選B。而這兩題其實(shí)就是我們做閱讀理解題的送分題，孩子們遇到這種題一定要養(yǎng)成“找重點(diǎn)，劃重點(diǎn)，不失分“的好習(xí)慣!
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