來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-10-01 19:49:55
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義
1.表示到說話人說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響或結(jié)果。
例如:
He has lost his book.
他丟了他的書。
2.表示事情開始于過去,卻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的事情。
例如:
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
他在我們學(xué)校教書已有 30 年了。
3.表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間直到現(xiàn)在的這個(gè)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)不斷重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,并且這個(gè)不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作有可能繼續(xù)下去,也有可能到現(xiàn)在就結(jié)束。
例如:
My father has always gone to work by bike.
我父親一向騎車上班。
4.同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來一樣,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里表示將來。
例如:
I'll wait until he has written his letter.
我愿等到他把信寫完。
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1.肯定句:
主語(yǔ) + have/has + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它
2.否定句:
主語(yǔ) + haven’t/hasn’t + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它
3.一般疑問句:
Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它
4.特殊疑問句:
特殊疑問詞 + have/has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + 其它
例如:
She has played the piano for two hours.
She hasn’t played the piano for two hours.
— Has she played the piano for two hours?
— Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
How long has she played the piano?
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞的具體用法
1.already, just, ever, never, before, yet
(1)already 意為“已經(jīng)”
通常用于肯定句中,可放在助動(dòng)詞之后,過去分詞之前,也可以放在句末。
例如:He has already had breakfast.
(2) just 意為“剛剛”
表示行為剛剛過去,常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。
例如:My father has just finished his work.
(3)ever 意為“曾經(jīng)”
用于疑問句或否定句中,放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。例如:Have you ever visited the Great Wall?
(4) yet 用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中意為“還”,常放在句末。
例如:
— Have you watched the movie yet?
— No. I haven’t watched it yet.
(5) never 意為“從來沒有”
多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間,常與 before 連用。
例如:I have never been to such a beautiful place before.
(6) before 意為“以前”
指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間,總是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
例如:I haven’t been to Beijing before.
2.since 和 for
(1) since + 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn) / 過去時(shí)的從句。
例如:
Helen has lived in New York since 2015.
My brother has learned about 500 English words since he was five years old.
(2) for + 一段時(shí)間,其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用 how long 提問。
例如:
— How long have you cleaned yourroom?
— I have cleaned it for about two hours.
(3) since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago=for + 一段時(shí)間
例如:Jack has played basketball for three ( since three years ago).
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瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用;瞬間性不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作一發(fā)生立即后通常不能跟時(shí)間段,若要跟時(shí)間段,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
例如:
The movie has already begun for ten (錯(cuò)誤)
The movie has already begun. (正確)
The movie has already been on for ten (正確)
★在否定句中短暫性動(dòng)詞可與一段時(shí)間連用
例如:
I haven’t bought anything for one month.
2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的替換
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead
leave →be away (from) fall
ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
get up→be up
go out →be out
finish →be over
put on →wear 或 be on
open →be open
join →be in或 be a member of
close →be closed
go to school→be a student
borrow →keep
buy/get →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know
begin to study→study
come to work→work
move to → live in
finish/end → be over
come to → be in
sit down → be seated
marry → be married
dress → be dressed
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三個(gè)have/has 句式的區(qū)別
1.have/has been to
表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地已經(jīng)不在那里了�?膳c just, ever, never等連用。
例如:
I have ever been to Sany.
2.
意為“到某地去了”該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。表示某人去了某地回來)。
例如:
Lily’s father has gone to Chengducome back in three days.
3.have/has been in
表示“在某地呆了間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用 since, for, how long 等,表示某人在某地多久。
例如:
Mark has been in China since two year.
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用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子
1.It is the first/second time + that 句型中部分用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
例如:
It is the first time that he has visited C
2.This is + 形容詞最高級(jí) + that 句型中部分用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
例如:
This is one of the most ugliest facehave ever seen.
3.It is / It has been + 時(shí)間段 + since ...
例如:
It has been two years since we met last year.
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