中考英語語法幾大基本時(shí)態(tài)與練習(xí)(2)

　　He is buying a bike.

　　Is he buying a bike?

　　He isn’t buying abike.

　　一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志。

　　常見的錯(cuò)誤有如下幾種：

　　(一)把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯(cuò)

　　例：

　　1、They areswiming.(swim)

　　2 、Jenny isplaiing(play)football.

　　答案：1.swimming      2 .playing

　　解析：動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:“一添一去y不變”. “一添”指雙寫規(guī)則；“一去”指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則；“y不變”指要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分開。

　　(二)丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

　　例：

　　1、 Look,twochildren flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

　　2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

　　答案：1 are flying  2 isn’t reading

　　解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為: “be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點(diǎn)必須牢記。

　　(三)對動詞或動詞詞組提問時(shí)丟掉doing

　　例：

　　1 、The studentsare singing in the room.(對劃線部分提問)

　　What are the students in theroom?

　　答案：What are the students doing in theroom?

　　解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對動作提問可記住此句式“What +be +主語+doing+其它?”

　　或簡寫為“What......doing......”?句式。

　　(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式

　　例：孩子們在跑還是在跳？

　　Are the children running orjump?

　　答案：Are the children running or jumping?

　　解析: or連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，動詞形式須一致。

　　自我檢測

　�。ㄒ唬� 單選

　　1、 Look! He_____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping     B. are help     C. is help    D.is helpping

　　2 、_____are theboys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who            B .How          C.What         D.Where

　　3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping    B .are sleeping  C. sleeping   D .sleep

　　4 、Danny______. Don’t call him.

　　A. is writeing    B .is writing    C.writing      D .writes

　　5 、–When_____he_____back?

　　– Sorry, I don’tknow.

　　A. does,come       B.are coming    C.is come   D.is coming

　　答案：A C  A  B  D

　�。ǘ�）、填空

　　1、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　2、 What____he_____(mend)?

　　3、 We_____(play)games now.

　　4、 What____you____(do) these days?

　　5、 ____he___(clean) the classroom?

　　6、Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　7 、Thegirl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　答案：1 is lying   2 is mending  3  are playing  4 are doing

　　5 Is cleaning  6 is singing 7 likes ;  is wearing

　　三、一般過去時(shí)

　�。ㄒ唬┖�義

　　表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或情況�？梢詮囊韵聨讉�(gè)方面來理解：

　　1）過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.He was a worker two years ago.

　　2）過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。e.g. When I was a child,I often playedwith fire.  Li Lei always walked toschool last term.

　　3）談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

　　4）有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g. What did you say?

　　另外，還可用過去時(shí)表示委婉的語氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

　�。ǘ�）結(jié)構(gòu)與句型

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語+動詞的過去式"。be動詞的過去式為was,were；行為動詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：

　　1）直接在動詞原形末尾加-ed.e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked;

　　2）以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.

　　3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed.e.g. shop-----shopped;

　　4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些動詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住.

　　其句式變化分為兩種情況

　　1)含有be動詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980.  I was not born in 1980.  Were you born in 1980?

　　2)含有行為動詞的變否定句要在行為動詞前加助動詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動詞變成原形; 變一般疑問句,在句首加助動詞did,同時(shí)把動詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.  I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.  Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

　　3）其時(shí)間狀語為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,e.g. yesterday morning;

　　由"last+時(shí)間"構(gòu)成的短語,e.g. last year;

　　由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語, e.g. three days ago;

　　另外,還有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語從句中主句為過去,一般從句也為過去.

　　自主檢測:

　�。ㄒ� ）選擇

　　1 She lived there beforehe____to China.

　　A. came  B. comes C. come  D. coming

　　2 I _____but_____nothing.

　　A . was listened;washearing   B. listened;heard

　　C . have listened; heard  D. listened; heard of

　　3 When did you ____here?

　　A. got to  B. reached C. arrive in  D. reach

　　4 I____my homework at 7:00yesterday evening.

　　A. finished  B. would finish  C. was finishing  D. finish

　　5 -He didn't go shopping withyou yesterday afternoon, did he?

　　- _______.

　　A. No, he doesn't  B. Yes, he didn't  C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　6 -I have had supper.

　　- When ____you____it?

　　A. have; had  B. do, have C. did,have  D. will have

　　答案: 1 A 2 B  3 D  4 A  5D  6 C

　�。ǘ�） 填空

　　1． They____(be)on the farm a moment ago.

　　2．There____(be)a shop not long ago.

　　3．Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

　　4． Danny_____(read )English five minutes ago.

　　5． I_____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

　　6． He ____(do)hishomework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

　　7． When I wasyoung, I _____(play)games with my friends.

　　8． When____you_____(write)this book?

　　I _____it last year.

　　9． Didhe____(have) lunch at home?

　　10． I_____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

　　答案:1 were  2 was 3 didn't go  4 read  5 saw go

　　6 does ; didn't do  7 played 8 did write ; wrote  9 have  10 have eaten

　　常見錯(cuò)誤如下:

　　一、把動詞變成過去式易出錯(cuò)

　　例:

　　1 They stoped (stop) talkingjust now.

　　2 They plaied (play) footballyesterday.

　　答案: 1 stopped   2 played

　　解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"動詞變成過去式,雙寫規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed."

　　二、忘記把動詞變成過去式

　　例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoonof Sunday.

　　答案: flew

　　解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"一般過去時(shí)態(tài)里,過去形式莫忘記".

　　三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

　　例:

　　1 We didn't went (not go) outlast Friday.

　　2 Did you had (have) a goodtime yesterday?

　　答案: 1 didn't go   2 Did have

　　解析:請記住口訣"見助動, 用原形."

　　四、易與單三人稱作主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)弄混

　　例: He taughts (teach) me English lastyear.

　　答案: taught

　　解析:行為動詞的過去式無人稱和數(shù)的變化.即使主語是單三人稱,也和其它人稱所用動詞的形式一樣.

　　五、易與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)弄混

　　例: 我看過這部電影

　　I saw(see) the film.

　　答案: I have seen (see) the film.

　　解析:"我看過這部電影"說明我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);

　　一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子只是說明我看了這場電影,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)..

　　六、易與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)弄混,這里不在重復(fù)。

　　四、一般將來時(shí)

　�。ㄒ唬┖�義

　　表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及計(jì)劃、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a footballmatch tomorrow.   He will be thirty nextweek.  She is going to buy a coat thisafternoon.

　�。ǘ�）結(jié)構(gòu)與句型

　　1、結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種:

　　1)will + 動詞原形(will可以用于任何人稱) 需要注意的是當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí)will可以換成shall,特別是在以I或we作主語的問句中,一般用shall.  e.g. Shall we go to the zoo?

　　2)be going to +動詞原形

　　3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來,前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復(fù).

　　2、句型

　　第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是: 變否定句在will后邊加not. 變一般疑問句把will提前. e.g.  She will be back inthree days.  She will not be back inthree days.  Will She be back in threedays?

　　第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom.  They are not going to clean theirclassroom.  Are they going to clean theirclassroom?

　　3、其時(shí)間狀語有如下幾種1）this引導(dǎo)的短語 如 this year  2）tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語如tomorrow morning 3）next引導(dǎo)的短語 如 next month  4) from now on ;in the future ; in an hour 等。

　　學(xué)生常見錯(cuò)誤如下：

　　1、易忽視動詞用原形形式

　　例：

　　1) He will is (be) at schoolnext Monday.

　　2 )He is going to does (do)his homework after school.

　　答案：1 be   2 do

　　解析：第一題有的同學(xué)一看he做主語就用了is，忽視了will后應(yīng)加動詞原形。我們在寫句子時(shí)，很容易把動詞丟掉，“英語句子里，動詞不能少”的規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動詞原形，而不是用單三人稱.。

　　2、be going to+動詞原形與will+動詞原形用法不清楚

　　例：我正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加英語考試。

　　I am studying hard and I willtry for my English exams.

　　答案：I am studying hard and I am going totry for my English exams.

　　解析：“be going to” 表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 還表示某種跡象表明會發(fā)生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going torain. 而“Will+動詞原形 ”指對將來事物的預(yù)見、表示意愿、決心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在單純預(yù)測未來時(shí)，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

　　自主檢測：

　�。ㄒ唬�、 單選

　　1 _____you ____a doctor whenyou grow up?

　　A Will; going to be   B Are; going to be  C Are; /  D Will; be

　　2 I don’t know ifhis uncle _____.   I think he _____ if itdoesn’t rain.

　　A will come; comes    B will come; will come   C comes; comes   D comes; will come

　　3 He will be back _____a fewminutes.

　　A. with  B. for C. on  D. in

　　4 What time _____we meet atthe gate tomorrow?

　　A. will  B. shall C. do  D. are

　　5 He will have a holiday assoon as he _____the work next week.

　　A finishes  B doesn’t finish  C will finish D won’t finish

　　6 There _____some showers thisafternoon.

　　A will be   B will have  C is going to be   D are going tohave

　　7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.

　　A is going to be; willhave   B will be; is having   C will be; is going to have   D will have; is going to be

　　8 Li Ming is 10 years old now,next year he _____11.

　　A is  B is going to be   C will be  D will to be

　　答案：1 B 2B  3 D  4 B 5A  6A  7 C  8C

　　（二）、 填空

　　1. -“I need somepaper.”

　　- “I____(bring)some for you.”

　　2.____(be)you free tomorrow?

　　3. They _________(not leave)until you come back.

　　4 ._____we_____(go) to theparty together this afternoon?

　　5. They want to know when themeeting _____start.

　　6 .I _____(go) with you if Ihave time.

　　7. Hurry up! Or we ______(be)late.

　　8.What ____you _______(do)tomorrow afternoon?

　　9. Jenny ____ _____ (do) anexperiment the day after tomorrow.

　　10 If she isn’t freetomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

　　答案：1. will bring  2. Are  3. won’t leave  4.Shall go 5. will   6. will go

　　7. will be   8. are going to do  9. will do  10. won’t take

　　三、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

　　例：There_________ a basketball matchthis afternoon. (B)

　　A is going to be   B is going to have  C are going to be   D are going to have

　　答案：A

　　解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來時(shí)。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的.

　　四、 be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to

　　例：I’m going_______(go) school by bike tomorrow.  (C)

　　A to will go  B to go to C go to  D to go

　　答案：B

　　解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時(shí)，be going to +動詞原形，所以先確定用to go , 在B、 D當(dāng)中選，而go toschool 是固定詞組，不能因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粋�(gè)to而省略，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，需要注意。

　　另外，在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中，若主句用了將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復(fù).

　　五、一般將來時(shí)態(tài)

　　一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrowmorning, next year, the day after tomorrow等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。

　　1. 助動詞will+動詞原形

　　在句法中，will在名詞或代詞的后面常縮寫為’ll, will not �？s寫為won’t。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱I 或We時(shí)，常用助動詞shall, shall not 縮寫為shan’t。如：

　　She will be back here tomorrowafternoon.

　　她明天下午將要回到這兒來。

　　Shall we get to the zoo earlytomorrow morning?

　　我們得明天早上早點(diǎn)到達(dá)動物園嗎？

　　2. be going to +動詞原形

　　該句式往往表示計(jì)劃、打算、決定要做的事或?qū)⒁�發(fā)生的事。其中be有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即am, is , are。如：

　　I am going to watch a movie.

　　我打算今晚看電影。

　　She is going to see hergrandpa tomorrow.

　　她打算明天去看望她的爺爺。

　　We are not going to meetoutside the school gate.

　　我們不打算在校門口見面。

　　3. 其他

　　① 表示移動性的瞬間動詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，表將來。

　　在英語中，類似come等等動詞被稱為移動性動詞，其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表將來，類似的動詞還有g(shù)o, leave, start, begin等。如：

　　The train is coming. 火車就要來了。

　　The bus is arriving at 9:00. 公交車將于早上9點(diǎn)到達(dá)。

　�、� 在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)或祈使句，或是含有情態(tài)動詞，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。如：

　　You can’t go home ifyou don’t finish your homework.

　　如果你完不成作業(yè)，你不能回家。

　　When I am older, I think Iwill be a scientist.

　　當(dāng)我長大了，我認(rèn)為我會成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家。

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